نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار، گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
The Buyid era (321–447 AH) represents a turning point in the history of Shīʿī political thought. During this period, Imāmī scholars of the Baghdad school underwent a significant transformation in their approach to “cooperation with the ruler,” a practice previously viewed with suspicion and generally avoided within the prevailing normative framework. Drawing on Quentin Skinner’s contextualist approach, this study examines the causes and manner of this transformation. It argues that the shift was not merely a response to the relatively open political environment under the Buyids, but also constituted an intervention in the political discourse of the period and a response to the dominant Sunnī political discourse in Baghdad. Through concepts such as istīlāʾ and an emphasis on obedience to the ruler, even when morally corrupt (fāsiq), this discourse sought to reconcile political legitimacy with established political power. Two further factors contributed to this transformation. First, the onset of the Major Occultation (al-Ghaybah al-Kubrā) in 329 AH created an institutional vacuum following the absence of the infallible Imam and his special deputies, thereby providing Imāmī scholars with greater scope to redefine their political and religious role. Second, competition with politically active contemporary Shīʿī sects, particularly the Ismāʿīlīs (the Fāṭimids) and Zaydīs, which had established independent states and challenged the political identity of the Imāmīs, encouraged further doctrinal development. The findings indicate that, while preserving their theological commitment to the divine source of political legitimacy, Imāmī scholars developed theories such as the “deputyship of the jurists” (niyābat al-fuqahāʾ) and “apparent governance” (tawliyat al-ẓāhirah) to create a framework for political participation. These theories provided an Imāmī alternative for engaging with political power and enabled religious legitimation without accepting the foundations of Sunnī caliphal legitimacy. Thus, the transformation reflects the juristic adaptation of Imāmī jurisprudence to the historical circumstances of the Occultation.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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