نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشجوی دکتری فقه و حقوق ، دانشگاه و مدرسه عالی شهید مطهری (ره)،تهران،ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
The emergence of the "Metaverse" and the transaction of virtual real estate (NFTs) on the blockchain have confronted the traditional paradigms of private international law and Islamic jurisprudence with an ontological challenge. The core problem of this study is the inefficiency of the classic principle of Lex Loci Rei Sitae and Article 966 of the Civil Code in determining the governing law for assets that are decentralized and lack physical location. Using a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach between Imami and Shafi'i jurisprudence, this article critiques the existing literature-which largely focuses on cryptocurrencies—and analyzes the challenges of adjudication and enforcement in this domain. The findings indicate that insisting on geographical criteria and the "tangibility of the object", which is prominent in Shafi'i jurisprudence, leads to "preference without a preferrer" and concerns regarding "uncertainty in delivery" in cyberspace. In contrast, Imami jurisprudence, by adopting a customary approach to property value and not requiring physical "unity of session", demonstrates greater capacity for accepting distributed arbitration. The conclusion suggests that the only solution to this deadlock is transitioning from territorial rules to the principle of "Party Autonomy" and accepting "Digital Trade Customs" (Lex Informatica) as the governing law. Furthermore, in the enforcement phase, integrating arbitration clauses with "Smart Contracts" enables "Self-Executing Awards," the jurisprudential legitimacy of which is defensible through "irrevocable agency" in Imami Fiqh and "delegation within a binding contract" in Shafi'i Fiqh.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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