بازپژوهی رابطه «عرف» و «شرع» در توجیه تنبیه‌ و تأدیب‌ اطفال مطالعه موردی بند ت ماده 158 قانون مجازات اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده ادبیات وعلوم انسانی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران.

10.22034/mfu.2025.142908.1518

چکیده

گنجاندن تأدیب اطفال توسط والدین و اولیای قانونی در بند ت ماده 158 قانون مجازات اسلامی که علی‌رغم تفاوت‌های جوهری، در دکترین به‌عنوان عامل موجهه جرم و در بیان اخیر قانون‌گذار به‌عنوان مانع مسئولیت کیفری ذکر شده است، علاوه بر آنکه می‌تواند قانون‌گذار را در مظان اتهامِ قانونی‌سازی کودک‌آزاری قرار دهد، ممکن است به فروکاست آن به حق ساده والدگری از سوی مجریان و تابعان قانون منجر شود. آنچه در پیشگیری از بروز چنین نتایجی اهمیت دارد، تفسیر صحیح قیودی است که زوال وصف قانونی از این رفتار را اعتبار می‌بخشد؛ اما با مشروط کردن توجیه تأدیب اطفال به «حد متعارف» و «حدود شرعی» و نامشخص بودن محدوده آنها، به‌ویژه حد متعارف و نیز ابهام در رابطه آن دو با یکدیگر، چنین تفسیری به‌راحتی امکان‌پذیر نیست؛ لذا افزودن شرط حد شرعی به حدود متعارف در قانون مجازات اسلامی 1392، نه تنها نتوانسته است از اجمال و ابهام در ضابطه تأدیب اطفال به‌عنوان یک امر قانونی بکاهد، بلکه با ترکیب این دو ضابطه با یکدیگر، امکان تشخیص را برای مقام قضایی دشوارتر ساخته است. نتیجه این‌که؛ پژوهش پیش‌رو براساس روش توصیفی- تحلیلی، با مرجع قرار دادن رویکرد افتراقی- حمایتی قانون در برخورد با کودکان، بر این است که حد متعارف تأدیب که معیارهای بافت‌مند و تفسیربرداری دارد با خوانش‌های ارفاق‌آمیز از حدود شرعی که مصادیق قابل تعیینی دارد، تخصیص زده ‌شود تا نهاد تأدیب و تنبیه اطفال در قوانین مختلف با روند کلی‌تر حمایت‌های قانونی از اطفال همراستا گردد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reexamining the Relationship between "Custom" and "Shar'" in Justifying Child Punishment and Discipline: A Case Study of Paragraph T, Article 158 of the Islamic Penal Code

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrangiz Roustaie 1
  • Mohammad kakavand 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Malayer University , Malayer, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Malayer, Malayer, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The inclusion of child discipline by parents and legal guardians in Paragraph T, Article 158 of the Islamic Penal Code, which despite fundamental differences, is mentioned in doctrine as a justifying factor for crime and in the recent statement of the legislator as a barrier to criminal responsibility, may not only expose the legislator to accusations of legalizing child abuse but could also lead to its reduction to a simple parental right by law enforcers and subjects. What is important in preventing such outcomes is the correct interpretation of the conditions that validate the legal character of this behavior. However, with the conditioning of child discipline justification to "conventional limits" (hadd-e muta'ᾱraf) and "religious limits" (hudūd-e shar'ī), and the ambiguity in their relationship with each other, such interpretation is not easily possible. Therefore, adding the condition of religious limits to conventional limits in the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 has not only failed to reduce the ambiguity in the criteria for child discipline as a legal matter but has also made it more difficult for the judicial authority to distinguish by combining these two criteria. Consequently, this research, based on a descriptive-analytical method, by referencing the law's differential-protective approach in dealing with children, argues that the conventional limit of discipline, which has contextual and interpretable criteria, should be qualified by lenient readings of religious limits, which have determinable instances, so that the institution of child discipline and punishment in various laws aligns with the broader trend of legal protections for children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Child Abuse
  • Differential Approach
  • Conventional Punishment
  • Legitimate Punishment

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مطالعات تطبیقی فقه و اصول مذاهب
دوره 7، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 13
ناشر
مهر 1403
صفحه 185-162

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