Extension of Usurpation Rulings to "Quasi-Usurpation" in the View of Contemporary Jurists

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in Private Law, University of Olum-e Qazaei, Tehran, Iran

2 Graduate of Master’s Degree in Private Law, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

10.22034/mfu.2025.142815.1511

Abstract

Two legal institutions, actual usurpation) and quasi-usurpation, which address various forms of taking possession of another's property without permission, are mentioned in the Iranian Civil Code, specifically in Article 308. The latter is treated as equivalent to the former, implying shared rulings but different natures. The distinction between the two lies in the presence or absence of "transgression" ('udwan), or in other words, the "ill intent" of the person who has taken possession of another's property. In Iranian law, both carry equal and sometimes stringent rulings. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method, examines the arguments of those who equate the rulings of these two institutions, as well as the opinions of other jurists and contemporary scholars. It also includes a comparative study of civil laws from various countries and presents justifications for the unfairness of extending usurpation rulings to quasi-usurpation. The article suggests that, similar to the civil laws of many countries, the Iranian Civil Code should differentiate between the rulings of these two institutions. The strict rulings of actual usurpation should only apply in cases of proven ill intent, and in situations where such intent is not present, the objective ruling should be disregarded in instances that contradict rational principles.

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References

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Comparative Studies on the Schools of Jurisprudence and its Principles
Volume 7, Issue 2 - Serial Number 13
Publisher
September 2024
Pages 113-89

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