Ethical Principles of Article Publication

The Biannual Journal of "Comparative Studies on the Schools of Jurisprudence and its Principles" follows the principles and rules of the International Committee on Publishing Ethics (COPE) in ethical and legal issues of research.

Ethical and Legal Duties of Authors

• The authors are responsible for the correctness and accuracy of the content of the articles; that is, the authors are obliged to ensure the correctness and accuracy of the content of the articles. The publication of the article does not mean the approval of its content by the journal.
• The author must not have simultaneously submitted the article or part of it to another publication nor have presented it at a conference or similar events. If this happens, the article will be removed from the publication process and the authors will be dealt with according to the regulations.
• The author must refrain from any kind of unethical research behavior such as: falsifying data, distorting data, plagiarism, taking advantage of others to conduct research and mentioning his name as the author, resubmitting his article or a part of it that had been published in domestic or foreign publications before.
• The article must be free from any kind of plagiarism (from their own or others' works, whether quoting phrases or quoting the theme or taking other people's ideas without citation). The authors must be sure of the correctness of their article before submitting it to the Journal. (See Guide for Authors).
• Authors are required to clearly state any conflict of interest that may affect the results of the research or the interpretation of their findings or may cause a possible conflict with the interests of other institutions or individuals.
• If there are financial resources for supporting the research, it must be clear and transparent (to receive the Non-Conflict of Interest form, refer to The Guide for Authors).
• If the author sees an important mistake or carelessness in his article at any stage (before publication or after publication), he is obliged to inform the Journal as soon as possible.
• The corresponding author must register the names and information of all co-authors in the system at the same time as registering the article.
• ***: It is not possible to change the names of co-authors and the responsible author, as well as to change the order of authors, after uploading the article to the Journal's website.
• If the author(s) decide to withdraw the article from the Journal before the final approval, the request must be sent to the Journal with the signature and approval of all authors via the Journal's website. Authors are responsible for paying and reimbursing all expenses incurred in connection with the article.
• It is necessary to sign the Commitment Form by all the authors and send it along with the article. All authors are responsible for the correctness of the content of the article. (To get the form, refer to The Guide for Authors).
• The article must be free of any kind of racial, ethnic, gender, and political discrimination.
• In order to respect the confidentiality of the evaluation process, the authors should avoid providing any information within the article that would lead to their recognition.
• The use of tables, images, charts, and questionnaires developed by others, in an article or research report, requires a reference to the original text.
• Citation of reliable sources: The sources used for preparing the article must be reliable and valid and should not be used or cited from dubious or unreliable sources.
• If the author(s) of the article decide to withdraw the article from the Journal at any stage of the review process and before publication, the request must be sent to the Journal with the signature and approval of all authors via the Journal's website. Authors are responsible for paying and reimbursing all expenses incurred in connection with the article.
• After the publication of the article, the authors can request to withdraw it only if there are uncorrectable errors and mistakes in it. The request must be sent to the Journal with the signature and approval of all authors and mention of the reasons for requesting the removal of the article. The editorial board will decide after considering the reasons. Also, after the removal of the article, the reasons will be announced publicly to the scientific audience by the editor in the first current issue of the Journal.
  
  

Ethical and Legal Duties of Reviewers

• The reviewers should help the editor and the editorial board by reviewing the content and quality of the article in accepting or rejecting it. They should contribute to the improvement of the quality level of the article and the Journal by sending corrections to the authors.
• After reviewing the summary of the article, the reviewer must immediately inform the editor about his decision to accept or reject the review (due to the article not being in the scope of his research, lack of time, etc.). In case of acceptance, he must review the article at the appointed time.
• If the article is outside the reviewer's scope of expertise, he should refuse to evaluate it.
• The reviewers must respect the confidentiality of the evaluation process and must not share information about the article before, during and after the review.
• The reviewers should evaluate articles objectively, impartially and fairly and avoid personal orientations in their recommendations and judgments.
• Reviewing articles should be based on scientific documentation and sufficient reasoning as well as it should be expressed clearly and transparently without ethnic, national, racial, political, religious, and gender approaches.
• The reviewers are required to identify and check the sources referred to by the author.
• If the reviewers see any similarity or overlap between the submitted article and another one, they must inform the editor.
• The reviewers are not allowed to use the information or ideas obtained in the evaluation process for personal gain.
• The reviewers must refrain from the review of articles that, in their opinion, are subject to conflict of interest, including financial, organizational, personal interests, or any other connection or links with companies, institutions, or people related to the articles.
• If the reviewers know the author's identity, they should not directly enter into the discussion and communicate with him without the editor's permission.
• If the reviewers find out that the article has been sent to another journal or that it is taken from the others' published or unpublished works, they must inform the editor.
• The reviewers should avoid using offensive, harsh and unscientific expressions in judging.
• The reviewers should not transfer the review of the article to another person without informing the editor.
  
  

Ethical and Legal Duties of the Editor (Editor-in-chief)

• The editor of the Journal is responsible for making the final decision on accepting or rejecting the submitted articles. This is done with the help of the editorial board and in compliance with issues related to copyright, plagiarism, etc., as well as the discretion of the reviewers.
• The editor must continuously strive to improve the quality level of the Journal.
• The editor should carry out editorial duties, including accepting or rejecting articles, with freedom and authority and maintaining scientific independence, and in this regard, should not be influenced by non-scientific and non-specialist factors.
• The editor's judgment about the articles should be solely based on scientific merit. Therefore, personal bias or consideration of nationality, gender, religion and ethnic, racial and political issues should not be considered as criteria for rejecting or accepting articles.
• The editor and the editorial board should not disclose the information about the article except to the reviewers, authors and editors.
• Those parts of the submitted articles that have not been published should not be used in the personal research of the editor or the editorial board.
• Confidential information or ideas obtained through the evaluation of articles must be kept confidential and not used for personal gain.
• The editor should always suggest and implement strategies to improve the quality of articles.
• The editor should try to respond to the needs, questions and requests of the audience and authors.
• The editor should be diligent in teaching the ethics of research to the authors and the audience.
• The editor should not be influenced by financial needs in performing his ethical and rational duties.
• The editor must respect the corrections suggested by the reviewers and, on the other hand, respect the reasoned and logical revisions of the authors.
• The editor is responsible for selecting competent reviewers for the articles according to the title of each article and according to the specialized field of the reviewers.
• The editor should prepare a database of appropriate reviewers for the Journal and update it regularly based on the performance of the reviewers.
• The editor should pay attention to the selection of competent reviewers according to their specialized field, excellence, scientific, work experience, and ethical commitment. It is also expected that, if possible, the well-reasoned requests of the authors regarding the non-review of the article by specific reviewers will be respected.
• The editor of the Journal should welcome in-depth and well-reasoned reviews, avoid superficial and weak reviews, and reject biased, baseless, or humiliating reviews.
• The editor must take the necessary measures to record and archive the reviewed documents of the articles as scientific, and to keep the names of the reviewers of each article confidential.
• Deciding on the acceptance or rejection of articles must be based on the evaluation of the expert opinions of the reviewers and their correctness and sufficient scientific documentation and reasoning, without any personal, professional, etc. opinions.
• The editor of the Journal is responsible for quickly announcing the final decision regarding the acceptance or rejection of the article to the author.
• The editor must consider all the information contained in the articles as confidential and refrain from sharing it to others and discussing its details with others.
• The editor is not allowed to use the data or new concepts of the articles in favor of or against his or others' research or to criticize or discredit the authors before publishing the article.
• The editor must avoid conflicts of interest in the reviewing process, considering any personal, commercial, academic and financial relationships that may potentially affect the acceptance and publication of the submitted articles.
• The editor should encourage the reviewers to be careful and comment on the originality and absence of publishing and research violations in the submitted articles.
• The editor should not consider the issue over by rejecting the accused articles or the articles that have been found to be in violation. He must follow up the cases to the last stage. Also, it is necessary to have the right opportunity to answer the authors who are accused of "unethical publishing and research behavior".
• The editor should review and publish the correction quickly and clearly inform the readers about the published articles in which errors have been found.
• The editor is expected to welcome the publication of reasonable and acceptable reviews of the published articles.
• The editor should continuously ask the opinions of the authors, readers, and reviewers of the Journal regarding the improvement of publishing policies and the quality of the form and content of the Journal.
  
  

Duties of the Director-in-Charge

• Pursuing the free access of information to the Journal and expanding its publication and distribution.
• Supervising and following up the affairs of the editorial board and the editor of the Journal.
• Not interfering in the scientific review process of articles.
• Not interfering in the scientific decisions of the editorial board and editor of the Journal.
• Observance of material and intellectual rights of authors, editor, editorial board, reviewers, and executive staff.
• Final approval of the materials sent to the Journal for printing and publishing in legal terms.
  
  

Duties of the Journal's Office

The office of the Journal is responsible for editing and pagination of accepted articles and finally publishing the printed and electronic versions of the journals.

The duties of this office include the following:

• Determining and clearly announcing its publishing policies, especially in terms to the independence of editorial board's decision-making, publishing ethics, protection of intellectual property and copyright, conflict of interest, duties of authors, reviewers, editor and editorial board, reviewing and decision-making process, appeals and complaints, preserving the scientific documents of the decision-making process, preserving the information of authors and reviewers, correcting or deleting accepted articles, and resolving disputes between plaintiffs and those accused of "unethical publishing and research behavior".
• Striving to edit, paginate and publish the Journal with the highest accuracy and quality and in the shortest possible time.
• Preserving the personal information of the authors and the contents and details of the articles, except for what is published after the acceptance of the articles in the Journal, during the review and after the final decision. The only exception in this regard is those related to "unethical publishing and research behaviors" from the authors, if there are acceptable reasons.
• Maintaining the independence of the editor and the editorial board of the Journal.
• Providing the necessary training to the editor, editorial board and reviewers of the Journal in order to properly perform their responsibilities.
• Making efforts to provide the necessary training to the authors of the Journal, in order to improve the quality of the form and content of the articles and to properly comply with the principles of publishing and research ethics.
• Cooperating with the editor of the Journal in maintaining the highest level of publishing and research ethics in the Journal and ensuring that the contents of the Journal are free from errors and mistakes in form and content.
• Cooperating with the editor of the Journal in reviewing reports of "unethical publishing and research behaviors" and providing expert advice to plaintiffs and the accused, if necessary.
• Checking and answering the requests related to the use of materials published in the Journal in other publications by mentioning the source.