Typology of the Differences between Iraqi and Khurᾱsᾱnī Methods in Shafi'i Jurisprudence and the Reasons for Their Emergence

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Shafi’i Jurisprudence, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Shafi’i Jurisprudence, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor of Shafe'e Jurisprudence and Law, Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Shafi'i Jurisprudence, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University OF Islamic Azad , Tehran, Iran.

10.22034/mfu.2025.142792.1509

Abstract

The Iraqi and Khurᾱsᾱnī approaches are two jurisprudential methods in the Shafi'i school. Jurisprudential approaches refer to the differences in methods used by jurists in narrating and transmitting the school's doctrine. From the fourth century onwards, most of the differences reported in Shafi'i jurisprudential texts have been attributed to the Iraqi method, led by Abu Hamid al-Isfarᾱyinī, and the Khurᾱsᾱnī method, led by al-Qaffᾱl al-Marwazī, known as al-Saghīr. The multiplicity and abundance of narrations have led to a lack of organization and, consequently, difficulty in understanding and using them to state the school's authoritative opinion and for issuing fatwas. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the possibility of organizing the types of jurisprudential differences between these two methods and to discover the reasons for their emergence to facilitate understanding, preservation, and comprehension of these differences. Thus, this research seeks to answer the question: "What were the types of differences in the methods of narrating the school's doctrine and the reasons for their emergence?" The results, conducted through descriptive and analytical methods and based on library data, are that the differences between these two methods include five cases: differences in the existence or non-existence of disagreement, differences in quantity, differences in the extent of opinions, differences in attributing narrated opinions to Imam Shafi'i or to derived opinions (wujūh takhrīj), and differences in the basis of opinions. Additionally, the reasons for the differences between the two methods can be inferred in the following cases: differences due to interpretation and reasoning of Imam Shafi'i's opinions, differences due to various methods of dealing with conflicting opinions of Imam Shafi'i, and differences due to acceptance or rejection of narrated methods and opinions in the school.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

_____ (2010). al-Majmūʿ. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
_____ .(2004).Minhāj al-Ṭālibīn wa ʿUmdat al-Muftīʾīn. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
Abū Zarʿih, W. (2011). Taḥrir al-Fatāwī ʿAlā al-Tanbīh wa al-Minhāj wa al-Ḥawi. Jeddah: Dār al-Minhāj. [In Arabic]
Ahdil, A. (2006). Sullim al-Mutiʿallim al-Mḥutāj ʾIlā Maʿrifat Rumūz al-Minhāj. Jeddah: Dār al-Minhāj. [In Arabic]
Arafāt, A. (2014). Tabşarat al-Muḥtāj. Kuwait: Dār al-Ḍīyā lil-Nashr. [In Arabic]
Ayyāḍ, A. (2011). al-Mustanbaṭat ʿAlā al-Kutub al-Mudawanat wa al-Mukhṭalat. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm. [In Arabic]
Banānī, A. (Nd). Ḥāshīyyat ʿAlā Sharḥ al-Muḥallā ʿAlā Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
Dāghistānī, A. (2019). Taḥqīq al-Mukhtaşar min ʿIlm al-Shāfiʿī wa min Maʿnī Quwlih. Riyadh: Dār Madārij lil-Nashr. [In Arabic]
Dīb, A. (2007). Taḥqīq Nihāyat al-Maṭlab. Beirut: Dār al-Minhāj. [In Arabic]
Fīrūz Ābādī, M. (2005) al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ. Beirut: Dār al-Risālat. [In Arabic]
Ḥaḍramī, A. (2004). al-Ibtihāj Fī Bayān Işṭilāḥ al-Minhāj. Jeddah: Dār al-Minhāj. [In Arabic]
ʿIbādī, A. (2012). al-Āyāt al-Bayyināt ʿAlā Sharḥ Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al- ʿIlmīyyat. [In Arabic]
Ibn ʿĀbidīn, MA. (1992). Radd al-Muḥtār. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
Ibn Manẓūr, M. (1994). Lisān al- ʿArab. Beirut: Dār al-Şādir. [In Arabic]
Ibn Rafʿat, N. (2009). Kifāyat al-Nabīh fī Sharḥ al-Tanbīh. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al- ʿIlmīyyat. [In Arabic]
Ibn Şalāḥ, A. (1987).  ʾAdab al-Muftī wa al-Mustatftī. Madinah: al- ʿUlūm wa al-Ḥikam. [In Arabic]
Ibrahim Ali, M. (1978). The religion of al-Shafi'i. Malik Abdul Aziz Comprehensive Journal. 2: 1-24. . [In Arabic]
Imām al-Ḥaramiyn, J. (2007).Nihāyat al-Maṭlab fī Dirāyat. Beirut: Dār al-Minhāj. [In Arabic]
Khalīl Ibn Isḥāq, Ḍ. (2008). al-Tuwḍīḥ fī Sharḥ al-Mukhtaşar al-Farʿī li-Ibn al- Ḥājib. Np: Najībwīyat. [In Arabic]
Māwardī, A. (1999). al-Ḥāwī al-Kabīyr. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al- ʿIlmīyyat. [In Arabic
Maznī, A. (2019). al-Mukhtaşar min ʿIlm al- Shāfiʿī Wa min Maʿnī Quwlih. Riyadh: Dār Madārij lil-Nashr. [In Arabic]
Nawawī, A. (1992). Ruḍat Minhāj al-Ṭālibīn wa ʿUmdat al-Muftīʾīn. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī. [In Arabic]
Rāfiʿī, A. (1997). Fatḥ al- ʿAzīz. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al- ʿIlmīyyat. [In Arabic]
Rāghib Işfahānī, Q. (1992). al-Mufradāt. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam. [In Arabic]
Rāzī, Z. (2000). Mukhtār al-Şiḥāḥ Beirut: al- ʿAşrīyyat. [In Arabic]
Ruyānī, A. (2009). Baḥr al-Madhhab. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al- ʿIlmīyyat. [In Arabic]
Sabkī, T. (1993). Qaḍāʾ ʾArab fī ʾAsʾilat Ḥalab. Makkah al-Mukarmah: al-Maktabat al-Tijārīyyat. [In Arabic]
Sabkī, T. (1993). Ṭabaqāt al-Shāfiʿīyyat al-Kubrā. Np. Dār Hajar. [In Arabic]
Shāfiʿī, M. (1983). al-ʾUmm. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
Shirwānī, A. (1939). Ḥāshīyyat ʿAlā Tuḥfat al-Muḥtāj fī Sharḥ al-Minhāj. Cairo: Maktabat al-Tijārīyyat. [In Arabic]
Tanūkhī, Z. (2004). al-Mumtiʿ fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿ. Makkah: al-Asadī. [In Arabic]
Turkiy A,  Arif, Hossam I, & ‘Aref, A. (2019). “The difference in the ways of narrating the doctrine, its concept and its forms”. International Journal of Muslim World Studies. [In Arabic]
Ziyaei,M. (2024). “Urisprudential Presupposition and the Context of its Origins”.            Biannual Journal of «Comparative Studies on the Schools of Jurisprudence and its Principles». 24(1). [In Arabic]
Zubiydī, M. (2002). Tāj al- ʿArūs. Kuwait: Wizārat Irshād. [In Arabic]
Comparative Studies on the Schools of Jurisprudence and its Principles
Volume 7, Issue 2 - Serial Number 13
Publisher
September 2024
Pages 226-207

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics